Changes in coastal landscapes due to storms, sea level rise, and human development pose substantial risk to communities across the Nation. The USGS is the recognized Federal provider of scientific tools to anticipate and respond to physical change along our coasts and the consequences of climate-driven landscape change.  USGS operational, real-time forecasts of erosion and inundation for all weather conditions, including storms and hurricanes, provide the public with reliable, nationally consistent guidance on pending threats to safety. To address needs related to long-term planning, restoration, and development, scientists assess past land loss, erosion, and flooding, and develop projections of changes due to future extreme storms and sea level rise, as well as the impacts on coastal environments, communities, and infrastructure.  Additionally, research quantifying the value of natural capital, like coral reefs and wetlands, in providing coastal protection supports National efforts to reduce risk and build resilience.